[21] He returned to Kiel, rather than Wilhelmshaven, on 16 October. Kretschmer sank six and disabled a seventh. The convoy suffered heavy losses while the U-boats escaped unscathed. BACK TO ADVISORS PAGE. [18], In 1955, Sir Donald McIntyre returned Kretschmer's binoculars, which he had kept in 1941. He stopped a ship and told the Captain to get all the passengers and crew into lifeboats before he would sink the ship. Otto Kretschmer was the most successful U-boat commander of the Second World War. Again, there is no White Cap and we see KRETSCHMER directly behind the deck gun and next to the crewmember who is wearing a white cap of sorts this is the Weiemtze worn by the Smutje, the ships cook. The crew abandoned ship and were questioned by Kretschmer. Not the crew of U-99. The skilled U-Boat captain sank more than 40 ships with a combined weight of over a quarter of a million tons during his reign or terror, earning the nickname 'Silent Otto' from his adversaries for his skill in stalking his prey. [26] Kretschmer's next success came in the Inganess Bay, Kirkwall, where he attacked and sank the Danish 10,517GRT tanker Danmark on 12 January 1940[27] while she lay at anchor. Otto married Elsie, Gertrude Kretschmer. During this time, he developed his own theory about submarine warfare. It was only later that KRETSCHMER learned of this and learned that his own brother, a pilot, had been overflying Scapa Flow and making aerial photos of the place just for the attack by U-47. OTTO KRETSCHMER made only seven Feindfahrt in World War Two but his daily average tonnage was equal to that of de la Perrier. Otto Kretschmer (Straubing, 1912. mjus 1. He died in 1998 in Bavaria. Haunted by him, Kretschmer ordered the boat to backtrack until the survivor was found. 8x40 model no. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. It noted that the destroyers "did not know how to help" and busied themselves firing star shells on a moonlit night. Ezzel a teljestmnyvel kirdemelte a Tlgyfalombokkal s kardokkal . It was not this way with U-99. He studied under Professor Jacob Wilhelm Schopp, a Germanborn naturalised Briton who took him under his wing, but rather than study science, he chose literature. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . Kretschmer stated that he was unmarried.". 19 men were killed in the sinking; only two were saved. One of the Sharkhunters Members asked COOPER if he thought OTTO KRETSCHMER would really be with them. The next morning at breakfast, the Kretschmers and COOPER were relaxing on the breakfast patio and Juli went to COOPER and lay down at his feet. It is well known that this was the nickname of OTTO KRETSCHMER, but there are several explanations given as to how he came by this nickname most of them incorrect. The boat went to the yard for repairs and OTTO left no doubt that he wanted his boat and his crew back at sea in the shortest possible time. Later, a mated pair of swans came by with their offspring, about six cygnets, and they were looking for food as well. One British admiral thought Kretschmer's move so aggressive, it had to have been a mistake, Kretschmer looked back with great fondness at his time at the University of Exeter, Otto Kretschmer died in 1998 after a successful career in the navy. The 28-ship convoy was poorly defended by a destroyer and a corvette. [70], Kretschmer and his crew were landed in Liverpool. On 1 November 1958, he was transferred to the position of commander of the Bundesmarine's Amphibische Streitkrfte ("amphibious forces"), a position he held until 15 January 1962. Kretschmer achieved good results in mathematics and chemistry and passed his Abitur (school-leaving certificate) at 17. In 1955, Sir Donald McIntyre returned Kretschmer's binoculars, which he had kept in 1941. Kretschmer signalled a British ship asking for rescue for his crew, and he even helped his men up the rescue nets that hung from the British destroyer. [30] The destroyer crew lifted the black-out curtains, making the attack easy. He earned the nickname "Silent Otto", both for his successful use of the "silent running" capability of U-boats and for his reluctance to transmit radio messages during patrols. Laurentic and Patroclus were attacked on the night of 3/4 November. Nazi Admiral Otto Kretschmer was responsible for the sinking of 47 vessels in the space of just 18 months His short but prolific spell on German U-boats accounted for the sinking of 273,043 tons. We also may change the frequency you receive our emails from us in order to keep you up to date and give you the best relevant information possible. From September 1939 until his capture in March 1941 he sank 44 ships, including one warship, a total of 274,333 tons. He dispensed with the standard practice of firing salvoes of torpedoes from long distances. "Silent Otto" Kretschmer circled the lifeboat in the submarine and noted the name faintly painted out on the bow. Much of what he learnt influenced his view of his enemy during the war, and he had particular respect for British innovation and technology. These excerpts are from that first interview and you can hear some of the hubbub in the . A high achiever at school, he wanted nothing more than to join the navy, but he was not old enough upon leaving at the age of 17. Walker) and Fregattenkapitan (commander) Kertschmer, became the best of friends. [54], Kretschmer departed for his fifteenth patrol on 27 November and returned on 12 December. Why his average daily tonnage sinking equaled that of de la Perrier. He hand signed some of our very rare fine art prints. OTTO and COOPER were splashed with the flying mud and water as Juli and Papa Swan ran madly around the yard, tearing up the soft green grass and leaving ruts and tracks in their wake. 3 binoculars included in this lot. Three days later he departed for his seventh war patrol. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. My family is complete.. [36] Kretschmer's tenth patrol (27 June21 July) yielded over 20,000GRT. The ships used barrels for ballast to prevent them sinking. That same day the British escorts scored another success against the Kriegsmarine when the noted U-boat skipper Joachim Schepke was killed aboard U-100, having been depth charged, rammed and sunk by Vanoc. While working on the deck gun, the boat suddenly dived. His body was cremated, and his ashes were scattered at sea. Later in the war, his ship was torpedoed; before that he nursed a bent-nosed destroyer back to port after ramming a U-boat. One did escape, but he was apprehended at the meeting point while the U-boat he was due to meet fled with Allied ships in hot pursuit. Joachim Schepke arrived in U-100 and sank seven. The boat went to the yard for repairs and. [32] Loch Maddy were transferred off and sent to Commanders School so they could command their own boats and KRETSCHMER asked for battle experienced officers as replacements. OTTOs New Boat, the Type VII-B boat U-99. His crew loved and respected him, and would have got into hell if that was the order he gave. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. Many thanks to Valeria Basso, Alessio Basso and Francesco Signorino for helping in the retrieval of a few rare archival sources, and for stimulating discussions. Lawrence Paterson has spent many years researching aspects of German naval operations and has written more than ten books on various aspects of the Kriegsmarein, including Schnellboote and Hitler's Forgotten Flotillas. Here, however, we focus on OTTO KRETSCHMER, the man. Prien achieved several sinkings, Kretschmer did not; the pair was chased off by destroyers. Kretschmer was deployed to the Bay of Biscay during the Spanish Civil War on U-35. The German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 began the war in Europe. When asked, JOSEF Jupp KASSEL (790-1988) he proudly said;I was Otto Kretschmers radioman!. COOPER grinned and said;Lets ask this gentleman here. Brother of Cecilie Hulda Kretschmer; Ernest Gustav Albert Kretschmer; Bertha Bianca Kretschmer and Carl Theodor Otto Kretschmer. Two men one German U-Boater ad one Royal Navy sailor went over the side and pulled an exhausted OTTO KRETSCHMER aboard, flopping him, in OTTOs words, like a fish on the deck. [20] On his fifth patrol (515 December) he was ordered to explore the inner waters around the Orkney Islands and engage any remaining Home Fleet units that had departed from Scapa Flow in the aftermath of Gnther Prien's attack. Canadian authorities wanted to shackle 100 German prisoners as retaliation for Hitler announcing he would kill all Allied commandos who were captured. From September 1939 to March 1941, Germany's Otto Kretschmer terrorised Allied shipping on the high seas. After completing his officer training and time on the training ship Niobe he served . Otto Kretschmer was one of the most successful U-boat commander in World War II. "He admitted that he had become weary of the war some time ago, and latterly had got no satisfaction from sinking ship after ship.". [67] During a counterattack by the escorts U-99 was disabled after repeated depth charge attacks by the destroyers Walker and Vanoc. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. The crew felt that this would bring them good luck so they cleaned the horseshoe, painted it gold and screwed it to the fairweather as we see in the photo to the right. [46] Kretschmer's logbook recorded the chaos. 12 ships were sunk in total. So how was it that he was sunk? For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. [29] U-23 returned to port on 29 January. In 1955, MacIntyre returned the Zeiss binoculars to Kretschmer. [42], Four days later Kretschmer began his eleventh patrol which concluded on 5 August. [22], U-23 departed from Kiel on 8 January 1940 for its sixth war patrol and Schnee had been replaced by Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Dietrich von Tiesenhausen. [34], During U-99's first four patrols, Kretschmer commenced attacking convoys at night on the surface, sinking merchant ships with highly accurate shots, using only one torpedo per target ship; the quote "one torpedo one ship" is attributed to Kretschmer around this time. Three of his men were lost, but Kretschmer and the remainder of U-99's crew were captured. He was promoted on June 1, 1939, just a few months before the start of World War Two. Prepared by Stephen Ames. The first time I met him and asked for an interview, he granted me a half hour following a luncheon celebrating his wife's birthday. The report contained the remark, "Kretschmer demonstrated his extraordinary courage in many instances. They all got along perfectly, and MacIntyre told KRETSCHMER that these were the only truly good bridge games hed had during the war. [57] Kretschmer was forced to engage Patroclus with the deck gun when it appeared to resist the torpedo damage, but retreated when the ship fired back. [68], Kretschmer's usual standards of conduct were evident during the sinking of his boat. [4], Kretschmer entered the Reichsmarine (Weimar Navy) on 1 April 1930 as See Offizier Anwrter (naval officer cadet). [55] Forfar was one, and during the sinking HMS Viscount appeared, forcing Kretschmer to dive. After the completion of his submariner training he was promoted to Oberleutnant zur See (senior-sub lieutenant/Lieutenant Junior Grade)[12] on 1 June 1936. A fall caused fatal injuries. Kretschmer was presented with an opportunity to put his "one torpedo, one ship" mantra into practice. Kretschmer docked in Lorient on 21 July. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War. In addition, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern) on 26 December 1941. The crew remained in lifeboats nearby for reboarding once the attack was over. [13], He was given interim command of U-35 in August 1937, and this appointment coincided with Germany's involvement in the Spanish Civil War. Throughout the rest of 1940, he enjoyed startling success, becoming something of a celebrity in the navy and one of Germany's most successful captains. [10] According to one historian, Kretschmer was a patriot and loyal to the government, but later "eschewed Nazi efforts to glorify his success through propaganda. In fact, out of 116 torpedoes fired in action, Kretschmer scored 74 hits (equivalent to a 69.8% success rate). There were no deaths among the crew. The vast majority of Kretschmer's attacks - at least 83 - were launched on the surface. Prien's demise was not disclosed. "[73], Of his personality and view of the war it stated, "He gave the impression of being a quiet, deliberate man, and looked more like a student than a U-Boat Captain. Immediate Family: Son of Otto Friedrich Kretschmer and Auguste Johanna Bertha Kretschmer. Karl Dnitz, Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote (BdU), ordered attacks on Allied shipping at sea, beginning the Battle of the Atlantic. Prien and Kretschmer cooperated frequently during the course of this patrol, which neither completed. We will cover his accomplishments on another page. He then attended a training course (16 October 1957 28 February 1958) for amphibious forces in the United States. Con su legendario submarino Tipo VII, el U-99, se apunt desde Septiembre de 1.939 hasta Marzo de 1.941, 47 barcos hundidos con un total de 274.333 toneladas. On 1 October 1937, Kretschmer took command of U-23. There, they would meet a German U-boat to take them back to Germany. Alongside his military skill was a character that remained rooted in the traditions of the Prussian military. While on vacation in Bavaria in the summer of 1998, after an accident on a boat on the Danube, while celebrating his 50th wedding anniversary, he stumbled and was unconscious, he died two days later, old age 86, on 05-08-1998. He quietly went about his business, sinking more ships than any other Skipper in the war, and stayed out of politics. He then caused havoc in the rest of the convoy, winning him the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. [8] On 22 December 1934, Kretschmer was again on Kln serving as the ship's second torpedo officer. "[74], Following his capture, Kretschmer spent almost seven years as a prisoner of war (POW) in the hands of the British, initially at No 1 POW camp Grizedale Hall in Cumbria. OTTO felt a sudden rush of air out of the open hatch past him and the boat was going down quickly. Only five of the 161-strong crew survived. I was a lieutenant on U-35, in the second submarine flotilla, and together with U . You can stay up to date on the top news and events near you with DevonLive's FREE newsletters enter your email address at the top of the page or go here. Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, "U 99" Interrogation of Survivors April, 1941", Newspaper clippings about Otto Kretschmer, Telegraph On-line edition, February 4, 2008, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otto_Kretschmer&oldid=1125960308, Efficient lookouts are of prime importance, It is essential not simply to spot the target, but to spot it in good time, Lone ships should be attacked on the surface with gunfire in order to save expensive torpedoes, Survivors should be assisted when possible, Convoys should be attacked in daylight only if it is not feasible to wait for nightfall, Attack at night from the dark side of the convoy, so that the target is silhouetted and the submarine is in shadow, When there is little or no moonlight, attack from the windward side (to avoid a visible white bow-wave when motoring into the wind), Fire one torpedo per target, not fanned salvoes, Once an attack is launched, do not submerge except in circumstances of dire necessity. The cygnets came close to the seawall for the food while the adult birds stayed about five or six feet away. "He prided himself on being able to take advantage of whatever the passing moment offered and made no elaborate plans for attacking convoys. It took nine torpedoes and one dud to sink them; the latter was sunk after it stopped to pick up survivors from the former. Por todo ello y entre otras, recibi KLAUS BARGSTEN (328-1987) and his II.W.O. That boat is seen to the left on a barge going down the Donau River for Costanza, Rumania on the Black Sea coast to operate against Soviet forces under other Skippers including RUDOLF ARENDT (7563-2011). A special thank you to Gertrud Kassel for sharing her family records about the history of U99, including many unpublished photos. The Golden Horseshoe: The Wartime Career of Otto Kretschmer, U-Boat Ace by Terence Robertson and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks.com. Otto Kretschmer Fregattenkapitn ( Crew 30) U-boat Commands Kptlt. It is true that he was not the typical Draufganger (fire breather) Skipper who would shout and scream orders as we saw in the movie das Boot. When U-23 was stabilized at her depth and the sound man could no longer hear any noises of the other boat, they came to periscope depth, confirmed that all was safe, and KRETSCHMER was ready to begin the hopeless task of looking for Schnees body. This included key points such as only firing one torpedo per ship, attacking at close range, staying on the surface for as long as feasible, and rescuing as many survivors as possible. From September 1939 until his capture in March 1941 he sank 44 ships, including one warship, a total of 274,333 tons. In Otto configuration, the layer 2 of thickness e is dielectric and the metal is the third . At the Indienststellung (commissioning) of U-99. 1) Black Otto Walter no.12.507.- prismen glaser8x40 reflexfreie on right side. They opened the drain valve to drain the flooded conning tower into the Zentralle but only a small amount of water came through. The Life of Germany's Highest Scoring U-boat Commander. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War. [9], In 1933 Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power. On 28 August 1963, he was transferred to the NATO Defense College in Paris. [60], The operation against Convoy OB 293 proved disastrous for the Lorient group. A prize crew boarded to sail it to Bordeaux. He clung to the periscope in the hope of being seen through the optics. . Kretschmer was released after seven years as a prisoner of war. One may read of all the great accomplishments by this outstanding gentleman in many places some accurate, some merely hoping they are close to being accurate and on some forums just plain fantasy. [9], On 27 August 1941, U-570 was captured by the Royal Navy. [52] U-99 docked four days later, concluding Kretschmer's fourteenth patrol after just ten days at sea. [32] Kretschmer returned to Wilhelmshaven on 25 February after 17 days at seahis longest to date. [14] U-35 returned to Germany after an uneventful patrol during which no ships were sunk. Seeing that the boat was still diving and the hatch beneath him to the Zentralle had slammed shut, Schnee had the presence of mind to close and secure the hatch above him to the bridge, thus saving the boat and himself. [20] Another neutral Scandinavian ship was sunk. That is not the famed Golden Horseshoe on the conning tower; that is the horseshoe-shaped life ring. [31] 157 of the Daring crew were killed, including Commander Sydney Cooper. Incredibly though, this war hero, who was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross - Germany's highest award for gallantry - had lived in Exeter before the war while he studied at the city's university. In a rush of roiling water that must have looked like a surfacing submarine, Papa Swan came roaring out of the water heading right at Juli who decided that it was time to leave but with about six feet of wingspan flailing about and huge clawed feet ripping chunks of OTTOs grass up, Papa Swan was hot after Juli all the while making a tremendous hissing sound. Correct optics: how the binoculars of the best underwater ace of the Reich became a symbol of relations with Britain #___historydocs He rode his luck at times though - once his boat was badly damaged by a German plane which thought he was an Allied submarine. Kapitnleutnant Kretschmer, November 1940 (March 12, 2021) This week, 80 years ago, U-99, skippered by Otto Kretschmer, one of Germany's most famous U-boat commanders, had just fired the last of her torpedoes, when she was spotted by British destroyers southeast of Iceland in the North Atlantic. From September 1939 to March 1941, Germany's Otto Kretschmer terrorised Allied shipping on the high seas. Otto Kretschmer was only in combat from September 1939 until March 1941 but was Germany's highest-scoring U-boat commander, sinking 47 ships totaling 274,333 tons. Shortly after he surrendered, OTTO KRETSCHMER fell asleep in an overstuffed chair in the Captains cabin on HMS WALKER. Prien sank the ship the following day. She told COOPER that he was such a fine man that she knew there would never be another like him. His whole demeanour was calm and quiet, and he seemed anxious to be friendly; he was also less suspicious of British Officers than was his First Lieutenant. Two men were killed in the attack and being the only one aboard fluent in English, he took the Morse lamp and made his famous signal to HMS WALKER; Captain to Captain; please help my men in the water. He was being transferred to a shore base where he would teach his tactics to Skippers in training. "[3] Kretschmer was too young to enlist at 17 and his father sent him to England to broaden his horizons. The main area of operations were the seas and estuaries off East of England and Scotland, with mine-laying operations in the Baltic, to counter the Royal Navy Submarine Service at the end of 1939. This definitive work details his personal story and the political backdrop from his earliest days. Four of his years as a prisoner of war were spent in Canada at Bowmanville POW camp. Kretschmer stated that he was unmarried. He was understandably upset when he and all the other Type II boats in the area were ordered to get back into the North Sea, far away from Scapa Flow. The nomination was approved on 5 November 1940. On 19 March 1934, his stay on Deutschland ended and he was transferred to the light cruiser Kln (20 March 26 September 1934). [28] Kretschmer returned to Wilhelmshaven on 15 January. Comes with leather case. - 1998. augusztus 5.) Under heavy fire and wit no hope of escape, he loaded his men into life rafts and evacuated U-99 before scuttling it. For 13 days Kretschmer sailed without success. On 26 September 1935, he was transferred to the 1st department of the standing ship division of the North Sea in Wilhelmshaven where he served as a company officer until 25 January 1936. Footnote: Otto Kretschmer (May 1, 1912 - August 5, 1998) was the most successful German U-boat commander in the Second World War and later an admiral in the Bundesmarine. His father, a teacher, decided to send him to the UK, and Exeter was his destination. Sir, do you think that OTTO KRETSCHMER will be with us on this trip? to which OTTO smiled and replied; I think he is already here. at which point the Member nearly fell out of his chair. He was taken to a prisoner of war camp in Cumbria, before being sent to Canada. German radio acknowledged the capture and the death of Schepke. Kretschmer experienced This stay was interrupted for an aerial defense training course at Warnemnde (510 March 1934). HMS WALKER had drifted several hundred yards from the spot U-99 had disappeared and, still wearing his full set of leathers AND sea boots (filled with water), OTTO made the difficult swim to HMS WALKER only to grab onto the scramble nets as the destroyer was beginning to pick up speed they didnt know he was on the nets! "[11], During Kretschmer's stay on Kln, he attended an aircraft catapult course at Travemnde. Death and burial ground of Kretschmer, Otto Wilhelm August "Silent Otto". Por todo ello y entre otras, recibi KLAUS BARGSTEN ( 328-1987 ) and Fregattenkapitan ( commander Kertschmer! An opportunity to put his `` one torpedo, one ship '' mantra into.. To Skippers in training to help '' and busied themselves firing star shells on a moonlit.., concluding Kretschmer 's attacks - at least 83 - were launched on the surface, just few. 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Ernest Gustav Albert Kretschmer ; Bertha Bianca Kretschmer and his II.W.O October 1937, Kretschmer command... An overstuffed chair in the war, his ship was torpedoed ; before that otto kretschmer binoculars was transferred to the for... Put his `` one torpedo, one ship '' mantra into practice to him... Escape, he loaded his men into life rafts and evacuated U-99 before it! And Auguste Johanna Bertha Kretschmer ; that is the horseshoe-shaped life ring sharing her family about. By the destroyers walker and Vanoc a bent-nosed destroyer back to Germany after an uneventful patrol which.
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