The Ptolemy kingdom was founded by Ptolemy I, the son of a Macedonian nobleman. 2 He undertook many campaigns, gained possession of many fortresses, and put the local kings to death. The setting of the book is about a century after the conquest of Judea by the Greeks under Alexander the Great, when the country was part of the Greek Seleucid Empire. He and his three sons begin a military campaign against them, the vicissitudes of which are described in detail. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. VERSE 38. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. 2 Maccabees, curiously, says nothing about thisdespite its . The rebellion began under the leadership of the Jewish priest Mattathias after Antiochus sought to stamp out Judaism by forbidding all Jewish practices and desecrating the temple (167 bc). a place of exercise. Her sanctuary was laid waste like a wilderness, her feasts were turned into mourning, her Sabbaths into reproach, her honor into contempt. Rabbinic Judaism generally disapproved of the rule of the Hasmonean dynasty, but the book is openly pro-Hasmonean, one of several factors for a lack of enthusiasm for the book within later Judaism. Were there any parts of the book that you particularly liked or which inspired you? The army of Judas at Bethsura consists of 10,000 according to 1 Macc 4:29, but of 80,000 according to 2 Macc 11:2. Compare 1 Maccabees 10:65. VERSE 6. Below is the article summary. At Explore the Faith, I share insights into the Bible and theological writings. This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 19:13. Acts of the Apostles. That is, each nation should abandon its religious customs. "[45][46] Even if "heaven" is merely shorthand for "God in heaven", 1 Maccabees is remarkably secular in its depiction of the conflict. Book of Daniel. CHAPTER 1. The setting of the book is about a century after the conquest of Judea by the Greeks under Alexander the Great, when the country was part of the Greek . Others, like Mattathias, fought to remain faithful to the Law. Corrections? the hundred and forty and fifth year. 1 Maccabees follows this story until the death of Simon (the third son of Mattathias to rule over Israel) at the hands of the some Egyptian Greeks (from about 175-134 bc). It possibly was written during the reign of the Roman emperor Caligula (3741 ce). (2) 1 Maccabees 1:11-16:24: History of the Jews from 175 to 135 BC. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [11][12], The title "1 Maccabees" is not the original title of the work. If the consequences are good, they say is OK to do anything that is necessary. According to the text, some Jewish men even engaged in foreskin restoration in order to pass as fully Greek. This is a terrible punishment. It is accepted in the Catholic and Orthodox canons. As the Bible says, "On the eighth day, God created Shmoop and saw that it was good." Or something like that. That is, men of Israel came forth. ISBN links support NWE through referral fees. [48] Bezalel Bar-Kochva praises it as among the better military historiography of the period. [13] The word "Maccabees" in plural, however, does not appear to have been used until centuries after the Maccabean Revolt. VERSE 56. He extensively uses the first thirteen chapters of it in Books 12 and 13 of his work Jewish Antiquities, paraphrasing it directly in parts, although supplementing it with other Greek histories such as Nicolaus of Damascus. (1 Maccabees 2.62-64). He reports the calamities the Jewish people experience on account of their sins, while also stressing the role played by God in his providence, who watches over them as he promised he would (cf. The name Maccabee probably means "hammer" and was the nickname given in the book to the first leader of the revolt, Judas, third son of Mattathias. The Greek text is extant in two of the three oldest codices of the Greek Septuagint: the Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Alexandrinus. Matthew 24:15. Many Christians base their moral decisions on outcomes. In the book itself, "Maccabee" is used solely as a personal title for Judah Maccabee (Latinized as Judas Maccabeus). From this it follows that, for the just man, supreme glory consists in being ready to give ones life, if necessary, to defend Gods intereststhe Law, which every Jew must strictly obey. Unlike, the writer of 2 Maccabees, he evidences no Pharisaic theology and may have written in order to justify the Maccabeean dynasty against criticism that they were corrupt and were ruling illegitimately as Jewish kings since they were not of the Davidic lineage. In February 135, however, he is assassinated at the instigation of his son-in-law Ptolemy. VERSE 59. Jerome likewise claims "the first book of Maccabees I have found to be Hebrew, the second is Greek, as can be proved from the very style" (per Prologus Galeatus). One of the most notable and unusual aspects of the book of 1 Maccabees by absence is the lack of any direct mention of God. I Maccabees presents a historical account of political, military, and diplomatic events from the time of Judaeas relationship with Antiochus IV Epiphanes of Syria (reigned 175164/163 bce) to the death (135/134 bce) of Simon Maccabeus, high priest in Jerusalem. Ptolemy, a loyal general of Alexanders, was made satrap of Egypt in 323 when Alexander died, and in 304 he assumed the title of king, annexing Cyprus, Palestine, and the Lebanon. And wherever was found with any a book of the covenant, and if any consented to the law, the kings sentence delivered him to death. The period of peace and prosperity is celebrated in a biblical-style poetic passage, the "Eulogy of Simon",[36] which Rappaport considers to be "one of the most important poetic passages in 1 Maccabees".[37]. they made themselves uncircumcised. 6 summary 1 john chapter 5 usccb irregulars chapter 5 1 mangakakalot com family affair vol 1 chapter 5 w mangairo com 1 maccabees chapter 5 usccb chapter 5 determining income and calculating rent 5 1 hard times book the first sowing chapters 5 8 summary ch 5 where s all my stuff the witcher gamefaqs jane eyre volume 1 chapter 5 shmoop chapter . Mattathias and His Sons. [43] Rather, the author interprets events as God using the military genius of Judas Maccabeus and his brothers as the instrument to achieve the liberation of Judea. The victory of the Jews over their Greek oppressors loomed large in the popular imagination of the Jews of Jesus day. 1 Maccabees covers the period of 175 BCE to 134 BCE. According to her glory, so was her dishonor multiplied, and her high estate was turned into mourning. In Hebrew, the first letters of this four word slogan form the acronym MKBY. [64], The Roman Catholic Lectionary makes use of texts from 1 Maccabees 1 to 6, along with texts from 2 Maccabees 6 and 7, in the weekday readings for the 33rd week in Ordinary Time, in year 1 of the two-year cycle of readings, always in November, and as one of the options available for readings for the dedication of an altar and as one of the suggested readings at a Mass celebrated to honour persecuted Christians.[65]. It is not permitted to do evil that good may result. VERSE 39. Some even engage in foreskin restoration. Alternatively, Maccabee also might have been derived from the battle cry of the revolt, Mi Kamocha B'elim, YHWH ("Who is like you among the heavenly powers, YHWH!! VERSE 43. and many of Israel consented to his worship, and sacrificed to the idols, and profaned the Sabbath. Another is that, while they were included by the Jews of Alexandria in the Septuagint, they may not have gained much popularity in Jerusalem. 1 and 2 Maccabees are stories that reflect on oppression and resistance. These two books tell you a lot about Jewish self-definition in the second and first century bc. Compare 1 Maccabees 10:65. He interprets the Maccabean victory not as a miraculous intervention by God, but rather as God's using the instrument of the military genius of the Maccabees to achieve his divine ends. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The origin of the word maccabee is unclear; it may derive from the Hebrew word maqqabi (= hammer)a reference to Judas physical strength and exploits. If this is all new to you, don't worrywe're here to help. 2 Kings. This might mean the women were forcibly tattooed. 1 Maccabees,[note 1] also known as the First Book of Maccabees, First Maccabees, and abbreviated as 1 Macc., is a deuterocanonical book which details the history of the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire as well as the founding and earliest history of the independent Hasmonean kingdom. This was a village twenty miles northwest of Jerusalem. VERSE 57. The relationship between Jonathan and Demetrius' son and successor, Demetrius II Nicator, is covered in chapter 11: Jonathan provides military support to Demetrius at the latter's request (verse 44), and a successful engagement against a popular revolt at Antioch enables the Jews to "gain glory in the sight of the king" (verse 51). And he had five sons, John, who was surnamed Gaddis; VERSE 3. Scholarly estimates for the date of authorship include: Roman Missal, Lectionary, Revised Edition approved for use in the dioceses of England and Wales, Scotland, Ireland, published by Collins, Geoffrey Chapman and Veritas, 1981, 1982, volumes 2 and 3, The Revolt of the Maccabees: The True Story Behind Hanukkah, "The date of the first Book of Maccabees", "MACCABEES, THE - JewishEncyclopedia.com", "The Original Language of 1 Maccabees: A Reexamination,", "1 Maccabees, the first book of Maccabees", Session IV Celebrated on the eighth day of April, 1546 under Pope Paul III, The First Book of Machabees Liber I Machaborum, Erran Baron Cohen Presents: Songs in the Key of Hanukkah, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_Maccabees&oldid=1141777926, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 3:1 to 9:22, under the leadership of Judas Maccabeus, 9:23 to 12:53, under the leadership of Jonathan, Chapters 1316, under the leadership of Simon. It is not known whether Josephus's copy of 1 Maccabees was missing the final three chapters, or he simply found a better source for that era of history. 13-16). The Writer gives his final summary. The Greeks recognize him as high priest, but like Judas, he finds himself caught between competing Greek kings who are engaged in their own civil war for control of the Seleucid Empire. The same fate overtakes another persecutor, Nicanor, who dies because he threatened to destroy the Temple. The Septuagint was preserved by early Christians as the basis for the Christian Old Testament. VERSE 33. 1 a After Alexander the Macedonian, Philip's son, who came from the land of Kittim, * had defeated Darius, king of the Persians and Medes, he became king in his place, having first ruled in Greece. IV Maccabees has scanty historical information and belongs to the Maccabees series only because it deals with the beginning of the persecution of Jews by Antiochus IV Epiphanes. If it really was originally written in Greek, then the author was intentionally imitating Hebrew style in Greek. Maccabees , (fl. It tells how the Greek ruler Antiochus IV Epiphanes attempted to suppress the practice of basic Jewish religious law, resulting in the Hasmonean revolt against Seleucid rule. VERSE 21. and entered presumptuously into the sanctuary, and took the golden altar, and the candlestick of the light, and all that pertained thereto. The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCBs) mission is to encounter the mercy of Christ and to accompany His people with joy. It tells the story of how the Greek ruler Antiochus IV Epiphanes attempted to suppress Temple worship and to destroy the practice of Jewish law. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Why do you think the story of the Maccabees remains so important for Jews even today? 63 Today they will be exalted, but tomorrow they will not be found, because they will have returned to the dust, and their plans will have perished. Simon is succeeded by his son, John, referred to by Josephus as John Hyrcanus. Series: The Anchor Yale Bible Commentaries. Second Maccabees includes a different edition of the first seven chapters of 1 Maccabees and was written at a later date, likely in Alexandria, Egypt. Their faith in the resurrection, which they explicitly assert (v. 11), gives them the courage to undergo terrible sufferings to keep the holy Law of God, sufferings in which they are also supported by their mothers faith. THE FIRST BOOK OF MACCABEES. Did you read anything in the book that touched you, expanded your faith or made you think more deeply about your life and how you live it. And when he had taken all, he went away into his own land, and he made a great slaughter, and spoke very presumptuously. He bans the observance of the sabbath and the offering of sacrifices at the Temple. 12:1-23). That is, they covered over their circumcision. That said, the author is still proud of forging alliances with others, citing negotiations with the Roman Republic and Sparta. VERSE 31. Nothing is known about the author of 1 Maccabees other than that the attention to detail and knowledge of events suggests that he was an eye witness or had access to eyewitness accounts. More recent English language versions of the Bible which contain 1 Maccabees include the New Revised Standard Version (NRSV), Good News Translation (GNT), New American Bible, Revised Edition (NABRE). Attempts to discredit the work as essentially fiction have been discounted even by strongly critical scholars today. Look out for the similarities and differences between the two. 1 and 2 Maccabees tell the same story in two different ways. Corrections? 1 Maccabees is a historical book, concerned to relay the events of the period as closely as possible. Antiochus forbids both circumcision and possession of Jewish scriptures on pain of death. Every bridegroom took up lamentation, she that sat in the marriage chamber was in heaviness. Not only the leaders, but also circumcised infants and their mothers are killed as a warning to others. He may also have consulted it for Book 1 of The Jewish War. It is not in the Codex Vaticanus. 1-2 Thessalonians. Finally, he desecrates the Temple by setting up an "abomination of desolation" there, apparently either a pagan idol or a bust of himself. for the second, on the basis of the information given in the first letter they refer to (2 Mace. The second book is not a sequel to 1 Maccabees; it partially covers the same history (176 - 160 b.c.). First Maccabees was written about 100 B.C., in Hebrew, but the original has not come down to us. 1:9). 1 Kings. [7][4] He was likely a court historian or equivalent. The big question from this period is the question of self-definition. First Maccabees covers the efforts of the Jewish people to regain their freedom following the desecration of the temple by Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Luckily, when a skateboard courier called Y.T. The narrative reports that news of the desolation reaches Mattathias and his five sons, a priestly family who live in Modein. For Jews, a highlight of 1 Maccabees is its description of the rededication of the Temple of Jerusalem and the institution of Hanukkah. (He had previously become king of Greece.) Maccabees , (fl. Shortly before his death, he divides his kingdom among his generals. perhaps even Sadducean, tendency interpenetrates the entire work" (Fischer, 4:441) and the "author of 1 Maccabees identifies unreservedly with the rebels and their leaders." (Efron, 47; Sievers, 2). VERSE 40. 2nd century bc) Priestly family of Jews who organized a successful rebellion against Antiochus IV Epiphanes in Palestine and reconsecrated the defiled Temple of Jerusalem. And it was the chief propaganda instrument of those non-practicing Jews who were trying to introduce Gentile customs into Israel. The doctrine expressed in the book is the customary belief of Israel, without the new developments which appear in 2Maccabees and Daniel. What did it mean to be Jewish in a predominantly Greek culture? the hundred and thirty and seventh year. [40] Jews who complain about Judas's activities "bring to the king an accusation against the people". Grimm indicates the time span for when the book could have been written to be from 105-64 b.c.e. VERSE 27. These heroes of the faith will not forsake the One God. VERSE 52. These translations have no copyright restrictions. VERSE 32. It came to pass, after that Alexander the Macedonian, the son of Philip, who came out of the land of Chittim, and struck Darius king of the Persians and Medes, it came to pass, after he had struck him, that he reigned in his stead, in former time, over Greece. The persecution of Antiochus IV presumably radicalized the Jews. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In general, its chronology coheres with that of I Maccabees. for the first and 124 B.C. by Daniel R. Schwartz. Friend. There is a faithful remnant. Protestants and Jews regard it as generally reliable history, but not a part of Scripture. an abomination of desolation. VERSE 12. [This chapter is in Orthodox and Catholic Bibles] Alexander the Great. Eusebius, in his book Church History, quotes Origen of Alexandria who says the original title of the work was Sarbth Sarbanael,[note 3] an enigmatic Greek transliteration from a putative Hebrew original title. It also asserts the resurrection of the just and tells us what we need to know about the fate of the unjust (7:9, 14,23,29; 14:46). Simon follows Jonathan as the next Jewish leader "in place of Judas and your brother Jonathan",[34] taking on civil, military and liturgical roles: "great high priest, governor, and leader of the Jews". [21][22] The English equivalent would be writing new books in the style of the King James Version. Ancient manuscripts of the text include the Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Alexandrinus and Codex Venetus, as well as several scrolls. 1 Maccabees - Chapter 1. were recognized by the Fathers as inspired, there is an interim stage where souls are purified. That is, about 176 BC. 2 He fought many battles, conquered strongholds, and slaughtered the kings of the earth. In the middle of the week he will cause the sacrifice and the offering to cease. It was probably written sometime in the second century bc, in other words very shortly after the events it described. When we first meet Hiro Protagonist, he delivers pizzas for the mob in L.A.; he's also a brilliant hacker and sword-wielding genius, but his plays-poorly-with-others personality means he needs a day job. According to all these words wrote he to his whole kingdom; and he appointed overseers over all the people, and he commanded the cities of Judah to sacrifice, city by city. VERSE 45. and should forbid whole burnt offerings and sacrifice and drink offerings in the sanctuary; and should profane the Sabbaths and feasts. It tells how the Greek ruler Antiochus IV Epiphanes attempted to suppress the practice of basic Jewish law, resulting in the Maccabean Revolt. To keep the Law of Moses would mean being put to death. Friend and confederate. He will make a firm covenant with many for one week. As a surname it was also applied to his brothers and, by extension . And the land was moved for the inhabitants thereof, and all the house of Jacob was clothed with shame. The words "God" and "Lord" never occur in the text, always being replaced by "Heaven" or "He.". Chapter 2. He may well have played some part in it himself in his youth. When Mattathias died, the revolt was led by his son Judas, or Judah Maccabee, as he is often called. 1 Alexander of Macedon son of Philip had come from the land of Kittim and defeated Darius king of the Persians and Medes, whom he succeeded as ruler, at first of Hellas. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The book of Tobit tells the story of Tobit and his family, who are living as exiles from Israel after the Assyrian conquest. 1 and 2 Maccabees reflect on this question in slightly different ways. [43], While the book holds all the Hasmoneans in high regard, it praises Simon Thassi in particular, the person who would pass the High Priesthood to his sons and establish the dynasty. "[42][43] All of this makes clear that God has specifically chosen a new dynasty to rule Judea, the Hasmoneans. The second book overlaps with the first, starting earlier. These include four laments and three hymns of praise. This caused the Maccabean revolt, led by Mattathias and his sons. VERSE 51. Thus, for example, in 2 Maccabees 12:43 there is Judas act of faith in the resurrection and salvation of his fallen soldiers, but he realizes that they must atone for their sins in the next life, and he wishes to help them in this and asks for prayers from the living. The other Jews then reason that, when attacked, they must fight even on the holy day. Modin. [5] The entire work is generally considered to be a unity composed by a single author on both philological and thematic grounds, although there are occasional short passages sometimes contested as potentially being added at a later date. 2 He fought many battles, captured fortresses, and put the kings of the earth to death. [62], The book was never included in the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh and is not canonical in Judaism. [63], The Jewish historian Josephus of the 1st century AD almost certainly read 1 Maccabees. And they built the city of David with a great and strong wall, with strong towers, and it became to them a citadel. Later Jewish leaders thought poorly of the rule of the Hasmonean dynasty for several reasons, and a document so openly celebratory of them was problematic. Who are living as exiles from Israel after the Assyrian conquest resulting the., like Mattathias, fought to remain faithful to the king an accusation against people! Even on the holy day his family, who dies because he threatened to destroy the Temple by IV! The idols, and slaughtered the kings of the book is the customary belief Israel! A part of Scripture they must fight even on the basis for the Christian Testament! Still proud of forging alliances with others, citing negotiations with the first starting! 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