While it's been a decade since the excavations, Anna Stevens, an archaeologist at Monash University who is assistant director of the Amarna Project and co-director of ongoing research at the. An HKY dose of 1.2 10(8) given 4 times prolonged survival (P = 0.02), but showed dose-limiting toxicity. The hands of NICU healthcare workers (HCW) yielded eight isolates. By the sandwich immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) method with anti-mouse MBL (MBL-A or -C), we showed that serum MBL bound to B. dermatitidis. Moreover, vaccinating the immunocompromised, susceptible to an opportunistic disease such as invasive aspergillosis, seems formidable. View details for Web of Science ID 000075531200054. The pharmacokinetics of voriconazole (VRC) administered intravenously (IV) or orally (PO; with and without liquid diet) to mallard ducks were studied. What I See talks motherhood with Professor Alice Roberts. BALFs were standardized in protein concentration. I welcome applications throughout the year from potential PhD candidates with an interest in oceanography or climate processes for available positions or from candidates who have their own funding or wish to apply for their own funding. Rylatt, M, and Mason, P, 2003 The Archaeology of the Medieval Cathedral and Priory of St Mary, Coventry; Direct telephone: 01273 426835 Mobile telephone: 07795 336792 E-mail: paul.mason@ucl.ac.uk. NF-kappaB levels were minimal in DEX-treated macrophage nuclear extracts, compared with those from GM-CSF-treated and GM-CSF plus DEX-treated macrophages.GM-CSF can reverse the DEX immunosuppressive effect by enhancing I kappaB degradation and promoting NF-kappaB translocation. Did he struggle with this decision? Alice Roberts was previously married to David Stevens (2000). Numbers of CFU in the brains and spinal cords of ABLC- or AmBi-treated animals were 100- to 10,000-fold lower than those in the corresponding tissues of D5W-treated animals (P < 0.0006 to 0.0001). Amphotericin B plus 5-fluorocytosine was the most commonly used (49% of cases), followed by amphotericin B plus itraconazole (16%) or plus rifampin (11%). Journal of Island & Coastal Archaeology 5:105-119. View details for Web of Science ID 000230724800021. However, qPCR and EIA do not indicate viability, may result in false negatives. For comparative purposes, lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 microg/ml) was used to stimulate BAM in experiments similar to the above. Mouse serum and heat-inactivated mouse serum inhibited TNF-alpha production 94% when macrophages were stimulated by B. dermatitidis, whereas mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) did not have this effect. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.12.119, View details for Web of Science ID 000288058500004. at Stanford); and study of the biology of Aspergillus as it relates to lung biofilm and interaction with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, particularly in cystic fibrosis, and the molecular species involved (including collaborations with Dept. Typing by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) revealed all blood isolates were RFLP subtype VII-1. By contrast, DEX suppression of lymphocyte responses to concanavalin A was maintained during co-culture with GM-CSF. Increased levels of transcripts corresponding to IL-1 alpha, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and iNOS were detected as early as day 1 postinfection, with TNF-alpha rising by approximately 30-fold and iNOS increasing by approximately 5-fold by day 7. Here, we examined the population genetic structure and geographic differentiation of the sexual, dimorphic fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis, the causative agent of blastomycosis.Criteria for Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) applied to seven nuclear loci (arf6, chs2, drk1, fads, pyrF, tub1, and its-2) from 78 clinical and environmental isolates identified two previously unrecognized phylogenetic species. Mortality from invasive pulmonary aspergillosis approaches 80% with few useful therapeutic options available. But at home, in her secret . View details for DOI 10.1128/AAC.48.3.1047-1050.2004, View details for Web of Science ID 000189351700054. In the initial study, groups of mice were given saline, or 1, 3 or 10 mg kg(-1) of MICA b.i.d., s.c. All saline controls, and 90% of untreated mice succumbed to infection. The AAC workshop identified savings of HK$1.4 billion in three days for a project in Hong Kong; 80 million for another in England in one day; more than Aus$70 million in two days for an airport in Australia. We have shown previously that high-dose lipid amphotericin preparations are not more efficacious than lower doses in aspergillosis. Many of the latter patients are in the intensive care unit. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.06.010, View details for Web of Science ID 000283833100005. of Pediatric Pulmonology, Stanford; Childrens Hosp. Sequenced clones were compared with Histoplasma capsulatum and Coccidioides posadasii genome sequences to assess potentially common pathways across species, such as sulfur and lipid metabolism, amino acid transporters, transcription factors and genes possibly related to virulence. > present (Member of the Visitors Board of Oxford University Museum of Natural History), [????] Koneti, A., Linke, M. J., Brummer, E., Stevens, D. A. Walsh, T. J., Raad, I., Patterson, T. F., Chandrasekar, P., Donowitz, G. R., Graybill, R., Greene, R. E., Hachem, R., Hadley, S., Herbrecht, R., Langston, A., Louie, A., Ribaud, P., Segal, B. H., Stevens, D. A., van Burik, J. H., White, C. S., Corcoran, G., Gogate, J., Krishna, G., Pedicone, L., Hardalo, C., Perfect, J. R. Experimental animal models of coccidioidomycosis. 01). I am an archeologist (UCL) and award-winning lecturer and researcher and have worked in archeological projects in Armenia, Europe and the UK and travelled extensively on academic research including Syria, Jordan, USA and Japan. To test the hypothesis that the efficacy of HKY- induced protection may be due to the cross-reactive antigens in the cell walls of the different fungi, we studied the effect of HKY against systemic candidiasis. Studies using authentic 15 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 1-dehydroprogesterone, and 11 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone reveal that these derivatives are significantly less inhibitory to the growth of T. mentagrophytes than progesterone. These analyses emphasize the diversity of mechanisms that result in a phenotype of azole resistance. Q U O T E ::: "I dont think learning stops when you finish school, or university. Gelatin liquefaction appeared to be unrelated to pseudohyphal formation on casein or to virulence. 3M-003, like related imidazoquinoline immunomodulators, interacts with Toll-like receptor-7 (TLR-7) and TLR-8. [1], Stevens was appointed Honorary Curator of Reading Museum in 1884, a year after it had opened. Morton, C. O., Clemons, K. V., Springer, J., Mueller, J. G., Rogers, T. R., Stevens, D. A., Kurzai, O., Einsele, H., Loeffler, J. Pharmacokinetics of voriconazole in adult mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). BALB/c, the reference strain in repeated experiments, was susceptible, showing persistent infection with levels of cfu at day 6 falling within a range between a twofold decrease and a fourfold increase in relation to day 1 levels. We have reported previously that prolonged caspofungin (CAS) dosing enhances survival in a murine model of central nervous system aspergillosis. Extraordinary results are gained in such a short period of time., Tony Roberts, Managing Director, South Pacific Corporate Limited, Dr Stevens has acted as a facilitator in a number of situations where the relationships between the various parties were difficult and complex. Patients presenting with paraplegia had a poor outcome. In a multiplex analysis, 192 genotypes were obtained and the combined discriminatory power of the four microsatellites was 0.99. He is most remembered for Spouse of Dr Alice Roberts. In recent years, understanding the role of messenger molecules (cytokines), in coordinating and augmenting cellular immunity has been ascendant. But I dont really mind that; I feel quite comfortable in my forty-year-old skin. The decision to taper corticosteroids should be made on an individual basis, depending on the clinical course (BIII). Two hundred thirty-three independent C. parapsilosis sensu stricto isolates were genotyped by using these markers. View details for DOI 10.1128/AAC.47.4.1452-1455.2003, View details for Web of Science ID 000181842000049. Voriconazole (VCZ) was tested for antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae alone or in combination with neutrophils or monocytes. Although no well-designed studies have been carried out, the available data support the use of corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of ABPA (AII). Aspergilloma. In seven of the eight reported cases, blood cultures were positive for the organism. Infection with T. beigelii should be considered in the differential diagnosis of endocarditis in immunocompetent patients, particularly those who have a prosthetic heart valve. Compared to PBS controls, the administration of HKY (6 10(7)) 3, 4 or 6 times prolonged survival (all P < 0.05) and reduced fungal load in the kidney (all P < 0.05). There appeared to be little benefit in using the 15-mg/kg dosage of either formulation. Gender. View details for DOI 10.3109/13693786.2012.683539, View details for Web of Science ID 000309936400005. Vaz, C., Sampaio, P., Clemons, K. V., Huang, Y., Stevens, D. A., Pais, C. Saccharomyces as a vaccine against systemic aspergillosis: 'the friend of man' a friend again? The relative binding affinity that progesterone and its metabolites display for PBP correlates with the relative growth inhibitory potency of these compounds. These models have been used to determine efficacy of experimental therapeutics, comparative virulence of different isolates of Aspergillus, genes involved in virulence, and susceptibility to infection with Aspergillus. Oxford University Press and Hurst Publishers. View details for Web of Science ID 000308446100052, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3430342. Other ligands tested were less effective. VII-1 is the most common RFLP type (176/203 in continuing studies), and C. parapsilosis sensu stricto is similarly dominant in other studies, and cannot be subtyped by RFLP or MLST. Almost all models are murine, with 1 rabbit model; and 2 avian models (in collaboration with Veterinary School, Univ. Regulation by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and/or steroids given in vivo of proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production by bronchoalveolar macrophages in response to Aspergillus conidia, A murine model of coccidioidal meningitis. HKY also induced antibody against Saccharomyces glucan and mannan with titers 4- or 2-fold, respectively, above that in unvaccinated. These various manifestations of the diseases, diagnosis and treatment are organized for basic scientists, so that they may better understand the dimensions and nature of the clinical challenges. The incidence of invasive aspergillosis is markedly increasing, and mortality remains dismal. Ancient city of Yaxchilan hidden in the jungle in the borderland of Mexico and Guatemala. Dose range, drug bioavailability, and single and multiple treatment pharmacokinetics studies were performed. The development of newer antifungal drugs is creating new potential combination therapies to combat the dismal mortality rate associated with invasive aspergillosis (IA). HK B. dermatitidis incubated with serum and then washed also failed to stimulate significant TNF-alpha production by PM. Because of possible development of resistance in patient isolates resulting from residence in the abnormal milieu of CF patient airways, or from exposure to antifungals, and considering the possibility of patient-to-patient spread of microbes and reports of elevated resistance to other fungal pathogens, it was important to assay the susceptibility of isolates of Candida and compare that profile to isolates from the community. View details for DOI 10.3109/08820139.2011.569627, View details for Web of Science ID 000291946400001. To understand the protection induced by HKY against different fungal species, additional studies of epitope mapping are warranted. Monteiro, J. P., Clemons, K. V., Mirels, L. F., Coller, J. Although GM-CSF did not enhance IL-1 or TNF production by BAM+conidia, GM-CSF significantly antagonized DEX suppression of IL-1 cytokine production. View details for Web of Science ID 000171998800004. Meet Janet Stephens, a hairdresser from Baltimore. Histopathology showed increased incidence of serious renal and mild hepatic toxicity in triamcinolone-treated mice given an amphotericin B regimen compared to no or only triamcinolone (minimal renal changes occurred with CAS or VCZ with or without triamcinolone); suggestive of combined toxicity of triamcinolone and the amphotericin B in AmBi or ABLC. Eighteen animal model reports demonstrated synergy (in 14% of reports), additivity (in 20%), indifference (in 51%), and antagonism (in 14%). Characterization of the [3H]progesterone-binding sites in T. mentagrophytes showed the binder to be a protein which was destroyed by trypsin and heating to 56 degrees C. Previous examination of the steroid-binding specificity in T. mentagrophytes had demonstrated that deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were effective competitors for [3H]progesterone binding. We tested the efficacy of micafungin (FK) alone or in combination with other antifungals against systemic murine aspergillosis. There were 54 recognized species of this genus, associated with marine or saline sites. Evidence from the existing literature was graded, and the consensus views were synthesized into this document and recirculated for affirmation. B. dermatitidis incubated with BALF and washed, plus BAM, stimulated 63% less production of TNF-alpha than did unwashed B. dermatitidis (P < 0.05). My husband [field archaeologist David Stevens] took on the role of primary carer when we were filming, and he came with me on all the shoots. Conidia of A. fumigatus in microtest plate wells formed germlings after overnight culture in RPMI 1640. Early diagnosis of fungal infections in cancer patients is problematic. Further studies are required to determine the lowest effective doses of these formulations. All infants were 25-27 w of gestational age and had multiple underlying medical problems. Of the 19 proposed Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto isolates [group I by internally transcribed spacer (ITS1) sequence], the most commonly encountered species, 17 were RFLP type VII-1. We presently studied acid-stable cell-wall mannan (-1, 6-linked backbone highly branched with -1, 2; -1, 3; and -1, 2-linked manno-oligomers) derived from C. albicans, with or without conjugation to bovine serum albumin (BSA), as a vaccine against systemic aspergillosis. Less extreme but still significant differences in pseudohyphal formation were observed when the virulent and intermediate classes were compared with the avirulent class. [1] All items found, including medieval pottery, were donated to the Reading Museum. Three levels of probability are proposed: "proven," "probable," and "possible." Certain focal sites, such as sinusitis or cerebral aspergillosis, have additional risk factors. The infections most intensively investigated, with respect to pathogenesis or therapy, are pulmonary and disseminated aspergillosis, though disseminated coccidioidomycosis is also of major interest. View details for Web of Science ID 000177999000007. Global population structure of Aspergillus terreus inferred by ISSR typing reveals geographical subclustering. Greater numbers of chronic inflammatory foci did not correlate with higher CFU. Definitive diagnosis of pulmonary fungal infections has also been substantially assisted by the development of newer diagnostic methods and techniques, including the use of antigen detection, polymerase chain reaction, serologies, computed tomography and positron emission tomography scans, bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy, and video-assisted thorascopic biopsy. It is believed to be correct at the time of inputting and is presented here in good faith. High dosages of lipid-formulated amphotericin B also proved unsatisfactory. 2011 Kassabaum, Megan C.; David J. Cranford and Erin Stevens Nelson. We have also found the cell wall glycans alone, mannan or glucan, as a vaccine each provide significant protection. Group A contained 43 isolates (35 clinical and 8 nonclinical isolates) in 31 discernible subgroups, and group B had 17 isolates (14 clinical and 3 nonclinical isolates) in 10 subgroups. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.04.019, View details for Web of Science ID 000258994000018. Although higher doses could be given, no lipid-based formulation showed consistent superiority over Fungizone or over each other. To further characterize S. cerevisiae pathogenesis, we studied a virulent clinical isolate, YJM128, and an avirulent nonclinical isolate, Y55, in C5-deficient mice. Little is known about the effects of serum factors or MBL on the interaction of Blastomyces dermatitidis, a pulmonary fungal pathogen, with macrophages or on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production. PCR has been made specific by genus-specific probes, with 100% sensitivity and reasonable specificity. Rabbits have been used to study IPA and systemic disease, as well as fungal keratitis. We studied potential therapeutic options in a murine model of pulmonary aspergillosis in triamcinolone-suppressed DBA/2 mice infected intranasally with conidia from Aspergillus fumigatus. Intraparenchymal abscesses with inflammatory cells in their peripheries were found beginning on day 10. A high intermittent dose regimen (group A: 10 mg kg(-1) on day 1, 5 mg kg(-1) on days 3 and 6) was compared with standard dosing (group B: 3 mg kg(-1) per day for 14 days) of liposomal amphotericin B (LAB) for empirical treatment of persistent febrile neutropenia. Minor renal tubular changes occurred with AmBisome or Abelcet therapy, whereas heart, lung, and brain showed no drug toxicity. In contrast, four of seven controls showed mild to severe meningitis, with arteritis detected in three animals. David Stevens . David A. Stevens is part of Stanford Profiles, official site for faculty, postdocs, students and staff information (Expertise, Bio, Research, Publications, and more). Multiple Modes of Monumentality: Case Studies from the American South. It was the aim of the present study to assess whether typing of the intergenic spacer region by using restriction fragment length polymorphisms of PCR products (intergenic transcribed spacer PCR [ITS-PCR] ribotyping) could distinguish among type strains of the 10 accepted species of Saccharomyces and further to assess if this method could distinguish strains that were interspecific hybrids. View details for DOI 10.1080/13693780500148350, View details for Web of Science ID 000235382600009. Zeamatin, a natural plant-derived antifungal protein, was tested alone and in combination with an azole, clotrimazole or nikkomycin Z, a chitin synthase inhibitor.Whereas alone, zeamatin was ineffective, nikkomycin Z was effective only when dosed multiple times per day, and clotrimazole efficacy was variable when administered in experimental vehicles (unlike the complex and undefined commercial preparation), zeamatin enhanced the efficacy of either of the other two drugs when they were given in combination.Drug interactions between novel drugs with unique mechanisms of action should be explored further, and may lead to more potent regimens. The 3 newest drugs include posaconazole, micafungin, and anidulafungin, whose pharmacology, toxicology, and indications are presented. Mazar was born in Israel in September 1956. The brain fungal burden was determined by quantitative culture, and fungal DNA was detected by quantitative PCR. Stevens, Nathan E. 2009 Archaeology is for the Living. As a demonstration of the utility of the model to test antifungal activity, daily treatment with 10 or 50 mg/kg itraconazole significantly reduced dissemination to the liver and kidneys and reduced tongue CFU compared to controls. grubii or Cryptococcus neoformans var. Neither concentration in serum, toxicity, nor outcome correlated with dose, calculated in milligrams per kilogram at the fixed doses (400-mg increments) under study. Survivors to day 25 were euthanatized, the numbers of CFU in their tissues were determined, and histology analyses of the brains and spinal cords were done. Little is known about the immune response induced by HKY vaccination, consequently our goal was to do an analysis of HKY-induced immune responses involved in protection. In view of the changing treatment of pulmonary fungal infections, the American Thoracic Society convened a working group of experts in fungal infections to develop a concise clinical statement of current therapeutic options for those fungal infections of particular relevance to pulmonary and critical care practice. [2], "Hampshire Papers Series 2, Hampshire Field Club & Archaeological Society", "Dr Joseph Stevens (18181899?) This article examines the prevalence, pathogenesis and host defense, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of coccidioidomycosis. Overall, these results indicate that MICA has moderate activity against pulmonary aspergillosis and might be useful in combination with conventional AMB. of California, Davis). British Writer David Stevens was born on 17th July, 1940 in Tiberias, Palestine and passed away on 17th Jul 2018 Whangarei, New Zealand aged 78. Success was a complete or partial response; nonsuccess was stable disease, lack of response to therapy, or undetermined response.The sites of coccidioidal infection were pulmonary (seven patients) and disseminated (eight patients). Six isolates failed to amplify MTLa1 and six failed to amplify MTLalpha1. Additionally, I am happy to host and support Independent Research Fellows and welcome enquiries from suitably qualified individuals. These results suggest that the mechanism of inhibition of the innate proinflammatory immune response of PM to B. dermatitidis is mediated by serum MBL binding to B. dermatitidis at 1,3-beta-glucan sites or sterically masking 1,3-beta-glucan sites, thus preventing 1,3-beta-glucan stimulation of PM for TNF-alpha production. In sequence treatment experiments, initial treatment of BAM with GM-CSF protected against subsequent treatment with DEX. The effect of GM-CSF on cortisone acetate suppression lasted at least 7 days. Furthermore, one of these proteins, cos-1, has been shown to be important for virulence of Candida albicans. Recombinant human GM-CSF could also reverse dexamethasone suppression of bronchoalveolar macrophage conidiacidal activity. > present (Member of the Longitude Prize Committee) and [????] Studies of comparative virulence, host response, and pathogenesis are also possible using this model. Albany. Mice were given 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide every 4 days and a gentamicin-vancomycin-clindamycin-imipenem regimen daily beginning 4 days before intranasal challenge with 5 10(5) Aspergillus conidia. Most patients were treated successfully with a combination of antifungal therapy and surgery. Fluconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole. Ravuconazole at 25 mg/kg was superior in reduction of numbers of CFU in all tissues to controls or 25 mg of fluconazole per kg and to other regimens in at least three tissues. View details for DOI 10.1196/annals.1406.029, View details for Web of Science ID 000250750700017. This block has been demonstrated to occur in vivo in animal studies. Since 2012 she has been Professor of the Public Engagement in Science at the University of Birmingham. Control BAM responded to increasing numbers of conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus with increasing production of IL-1 and TNF. Overall, clinical isolates of Saccharomyces were very heterogeneous and exhibited little clonality. The Archaeologist Who Collected 4,500 Beer Cans David Maxwell's hobby has become essential to the field. We postulated micafungin and host phagocytic cells could act together in damaging fungi. of Oakland Research Inst. The patient was treated with intravenous amphotericin B followed by endoscopic laser surgery that relieved the obstruction. Male New Zealand White rabbits were infected with 5 x 10(4) Coccidioides posadasii arthroconidia by direct cisternal puncture. View details for Web of Science ID 000172586800004. Itraconazole appears useful as a corticosteroid sparing agent (BII). Although AMB+MICA was efficacious, no synergistic activity was noted for any of the regimens. View details for PubMedID 19464548, View details for DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.03.030, View details for Web of Science ID 000267459900022, View details for DOI 10.1007/s10096-008-0688-y, View details for Web of Science ID 000266372700026. To study IPA and systemic disease, as well as fungal keratitis animal studies receptor-7 ( TLR-7 ) TLR-8. Isolates of Saccharomyces were very heterogeneous and exhibited little clonality Prize Committee ) TLR-8... Significant protection showed no drug toxicity Committee ) and [?? performed! Had multiple underlying medical problems also proved unsatisfactory by quantitative pcr over Fungizone or over each other is most for! 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